Tax Tables
Our commitment to delivering valuable and comprehensive resources to our clients is a key principle to the benefits consulting and advisory strategy of our firm. Please find the 2025 and 2024 tax tables below and reach out to your USICG representative if you have any questions.
2025
2025
| Single | Married, Filing Jointly | Married, Filing Separately | Estates and Trusts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exemption | $88,100 | $137,000 | $68,500 | $30,700 |
| 28% on Excess | $239,100 | $239,100 | $119,550 | $239,100 |
| Phase-out Begins | $626,350 | $1,252,700 | $626,350 | $102,500 |
2025
| Individuals | Head of Household | Married, Filing Jointly |
Married, Filing Separately |
Estates and Trusts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | $0-$48,350 | $0-$64,750 | $0-$96,700 | $0-$48,350 | $0-$3,250 |
| 15% | $48,351-533,400 | $64,751-566,700 | $96,701-600,050 | $48,351-566,700 | $3,251-$15,900 |
| 20% | Over $533,400 | Over $566,700 | Over $600,050 | Over $566,700 | Over $15,900 |
2025
The top tax rate applicable to estates and living gifts will be subject to a maximum tax rate of 40%.
| Estate Tax | Exclusion Amount | Federal Credit | Gift Tax Exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $13,990,000 | $5,541,800 | $13,990,000 |
| States with Estate or Inheritance Taxes |
|---|
| CT, DC, HI, IL, IA, KY, ME, MD, MA, MN, NE, NJ, NY, OR, PA, RI, VT, WA. |
| Other Estate and Gift Planning Ideas | 2025 |
|---|---|
| Annual gift tax exclusion | $19,000 |
| Annual gift tax exclusion for non-U.S. citizen spouses | $190,000 |
| Generation-skipping tax (GST) exemption | $13,990,000 |
| IRC §6166 2% limit for deferred estate tax payments | $1,900,000 |
| Special use valuation for qualified real property | $1,420,000 |
2025
| Single | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$11,925 | 10% |
| $11,926-$48,475 | 12% |
| $48,476-$103,350 | 22% |
| $103,351-$197,300 | 24% |
| $197,301-$250,525 | 32% |
| $250,526-$626,350 | 35% |
| Over $626,350 | 37% |
| Married, Filing Jointly | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$23,850 | 10% |
| $23,851-$96,950 | 12% |
| $96,950-$206,700 | 22% |
| $206,701-$394,600 | 24% |
| $394,601-$501,050 | 32% |
| $501,051-$751,600 | 35% |
| Over $751,600 | 37% |
| Head of Household | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$17,000 | 10% |
| $17,001-$64,850 | 12% |
| $64,851-$103,350 | 22% |
| $103,351-$197,300 | 24% |
| $197,301-$250,500 | 32% |
| $250,501-$626,350 | 35% |
| Over $626,350 | 37% |
| Married, Filing Separately | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$11,925 | 10% |
| $11,926-$48,475 | 12% |
| $48,476-$103,350 | 22% |
| $103,351-$197,300 | 24% |
| $197,301-$250,500 | 32% |
| $250,501-$375,800 | 35% |
| Over $375,800 | 37% |
| Estates and Trusts | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$3,150 | 10% |
| $3,151-$11,450 | 24% |
| $11,451-$15,650 | 35% |
| Over $15,650 | 37% |
| Standard Deduction | Rate |
|---|---|
| Single | $15,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $30,000 |
| Head of Household | $22,500 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $15,000 |
Corporations
- C corporations are taxed at a flat 21%.
- No special personal service corporation rate.
- Section 179 depreciation up to $1,250,000. Phaseout $3,130,000. SUV: $31,300.
- Pass-through entity tax treatment—deductible amount is the lesser of:
(a) 20% of the taxpayer’s qualified business income, or
(b) the greater of: (1) 50% of the W-2 wages, or (2) the sum of 25% of the
W-2 wages and 2.5% of the unadjusted basis of all qualified property. - Qualified Business Income deduction (Section 199A) phaseout for high earners in professional fields. $394,600 – $494,600 (MFJ);
$197,300– $247,300 (Others)
2025
| Single | Married | Part B Premium | Part D IRMAA |
|---|---|---|---|
| $106,000 or less | $212,000 or less | $185.00 | $0 |
| $106,101-$133,000 | $212,001-$266,000 | $259.00 | $13.70 |
| $133,001-$167,700 | $266,001-$334,000 | $370.00 | $35.30 |
| $167,701-$200,000 | $334,001-$400,000 | $480.90 | $57.00 |
| $200,001-$500,000 | $400,001-$750,000 | $591.90 | $78.60 |
| Over $500,000 | Over $750,000 | $628.90 | $85.80 |
*Part D premium determined by vendor. IRMAA surcharge added to vendor premium.
2025
| IRA | Amount |
|---|---|
| IRA Contribution (under 50) | $7,000 |
| IRA Contribution (50 and older) | $8,000 |
| Single or HOH phase-out | $79,000-$89,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $126,000-$146,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $0-$10,000 |
| Spousal IRA | $236,000-$246,000 |
| Catch-Up (age 50 and over only) | $1,000 |
| Phase-Out of Roth IRA Contribution Eligibility | Amount |
|---|---|
| Single phase-out | $150,000-$165,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $236,000-$246,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $0-$10,000 |
| SEP | Rate |
|---|---|
| SEP Contribution | Up to 25% of compensation ($70,000 limit) |
| Minimum Compensation Participant | $750 |
| SIMPLE | Amount |
|---|---|
| SIMPLE elective deferral (under 50) | $16,500 |
| SIMPLE elective deferral (50 and older) | $20,000 |
| Other Qualified Plans | Amount |
|---|---|
| 401(k), 403(b), Governmental 457(b), SARSEP elective deferral (under age 50) |
$23,500 |
| 401(k), 403(b), Governmental 457(b), SARSEP elective deferral (age 50 and older) |
$31,000 |
| Limit on additions to defined contribution plans | $70,000 |
| Annual benefit limit on defined benefit plans | $280,000 |
| Highly compensated employee makes | $160,000 |
| Maximum compensation taken into account for qualified plans | $350,000 |
| HSA contribution individual coverage | $4,300 |
| HSA contribution family coverage | $8,550 |
| Individual 401(K) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Employer Contribution | Up to 25% of compensation |
| Employee Salary Deferral (under 50) | $23,500 |
| Employee Salary Deferral (50 and older) | $31,000 |
| Total Employer and Employee | $70,000 ($77,500 age 50 and older) |
Required Minimum Distributions1
| Current Age | Distribution Period | Current Age | Distribution Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 72 | 27.4 | 97 | 7.8 |
| 73 | 26.5 | 98 | 7.3 |
| 74 | 25.5 | 99 | 6.8 |
| 75 | 24.6 | 100 | 6.4 |
| 76 | 23.7 | 101 | 6.0 |
| 77 | 22.9 | 102 | 5.6 |
| 78 | 22.0 | 103 | 5.2 |
| 79 | 21.1 | 104 | 4.9 |
| 80 | 20.2 | 105 | 4.6 |
| 81 | 19.4 | 106 | 4.3 |
| 82 | 18.5 | 107 | 4.1 |
| 83 | 17.7 | 108 | 3.9 |
| 84 | 16.8 | 109 | 3.7 |
| 85 | 16.0 | 110 | 3.5 |
| 86 | 15.2 | 111 | 3.4 |
| 87 | 14.4 | 112 | 3.3 |
| 88 | 13.7 | 113 | 3.1 |
| 89 | 12.9 | 114 | 3.0 |
| 90 | 12.2 | 115 | 2.9 |
| 91 | 11.5 | 116 | 2.8 |
| 92 | 10.8 | 117 | 2.7 |
| 93 | 10.1 | 118 | 2.5 |
| 94 | 9.5 | 119 | 2.3 |
| 95 | 8.9 | 120+ | 2.0 |
| 96 | 8.4 |
SECURE 2.0 reduced the excise tax for failure to take RMDs from 50% to 25%.
1 The Required Beginning Date for RMDs is generally April 1 of the year following the year the IRA owner reached the applicable age. The Applicable Age is determined based on the following:
| IF YOU WERE BORN: | YOUR "APPLICABLE AGE" IS: |
|---|---|
| On or before June 30, 1949 | 70.5 |
| July 1, 1949-1950 | 72 |
| 1951-1959 | 73 |
| 1960 or later | 75 |
Traditional IRA Deductibility Rules
| Filing Status | Covered by Employer's Retirement Plan? |
Modified AGI 2025 | 2025 Deductibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single | No | Any Amount | Full deduction |
| Yes | $79,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $79,001-$88,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $89,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| Married Filing Jointly | Neither Spouse Covered | Any Amount | Full deduction |
| Both Spouses Covered | $126,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $126,001-$145,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $146,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| One Spouse Covered for Covered Spouse | $126,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $126,001-$145,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $146,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| One Spouse Covered for Non-Covered Spouse |
$236,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $236,001-$245,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $246,000 or more | No deduction |
2025
| Social Security | Amount |
|---|---|
| Maximum earnings (during working years) subject to payroll tax | $176,100 |
| Social Security Payroll Tax | Employees pay 7.65% |
| Self-employed pay 15.30% | |
| Additional 0.9% high-income paytoll tax for wages in excess of: | |
| Single or HOH | $200,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $250,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $125,000 |
*For Medicare's Hospital Insurance (HI) program, tax rates under the HI program are 1.45% for employees and employers, each, and 2.90% for self-employed persons.
- Employees/Employers: 6.2% Social Security Tax + 1.45% Medicare Tax = 7.65% total
- Self-employed: 12.40% Social Security Tax + 2.90% Medicare Tax = 15.30% total
2024
2024
| Single | Married, Filing Jointly | Married, Filing Separately | Estates and Trusts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exemption | $85,700 | $133,300 | $66,650 | $29,900 |
| 28% on Excess | $232,600 | $232,600 | $116,300 | $232,600 |
| Phase-out Begins | $609,350 | $1,218,700 | $609,350 | $99,700 |
2024
| Individuals | Head of Household | Married, Filing Jointly |
Married, Filing Separately |
Estates and Trusts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | $0-$47,025 | $0-$63,000 | $0-$94,050 | $0-$47,025 | $0-$3,000 |
| 15% | $42,026-$518,900 | $63,001-$551,350 | $94,051-$583,750 | $47,026-$291,850 | $3,001-$14,650 |
| 20% | Over $518,900 | Over $551,350 | Over $583,750 | Over $291,850 | Over $14,650 |
2024
The top tax rate applicable to estates and living gifts will be subject to a maximum tax rate of 40%.
| Estate Tax | Exclusion Amount | Federal Credit | Gift Tax Exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $13,610,000 | $4,769,800 | $13,610,000 |
| States with Estate or Inheritance Taxes |
|---|
| CT, DC, HI, IL, IA, KY, ME, MD, MA, MN, NE, NJ, NY, OR, PA, RI, VT, WA. |
| Other Estate and Gift Planning Ideas | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Annual gift tax exclusion | $18,000 |
| Annual gift tax exclusion for non-U.S. citizen spouses | $185,000 |
| Generation-skipping tax (GST) exemption | $13,610,000 |
| IRC §6166 2% limit for deferred estate tax payments | $1,640,000 |
| Special use valuation for qualified real property | $1,230,000 |
2024
| Single | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$11,600 | 10% |
| $11,601-$47,150 | 12% |
| $47,151-$100,525 | 22% |
| $100,526-$191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951-$243,275 | 32% |
| $243,276-$609,350 | 35% |
| Over $609,350 | 37% |
| Married, Filing Jointly | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$23,200 | 10% |
| $23,201-$94,300 | 12% |
| $94,301-$201,050 | 22% |
| $201,051-$383,900 | 24% |
| $383,901-$487,450 | 32% |
| $487,451-$731,200 | 35% |
| Over $731,200 | 37% |
| Head of Household | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$16,550 | 10% |
| $16,551-$63,100 | 12% |
| $63,101-$100,500 | 22% |
| $100,501-$191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951-$243,700 | 32% |
| $243,701-$609,350 | 35% |
| Over $609,350 | 37% |
| Married, Filing Separately | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$11,600 | 10% |
| $11,601-$47,150 | 12% |
| $47,151-$100,525 | 22% |
| $100,526-$191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951-$243,725 | 32% |
| $243,726-$365,600 | 35% |
| Over $365,600 | 37% |
| Estates and Trusts | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0-$3,100 | 10% |
| $3,101-$11,150 | 24% |
| $11,151-$15,200 | 35% |
| Over $15,200 | 37% |
| Standard Deduction | Rate |
|---|---|
| Single | $14,600 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $29,200 |
| Head of Household | $21,900 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $14,600 |
Corporations
- Corporations are taxed at a flat 21%.
- No special personal service corporation rate.
- Higher capital gain tax obsolete.
- Section 179 depreciation up to $1,220,000. Phaseout $3,050,000. SUV: $30,500.
- Temporary expensing for large companies available.
- Like-kind exchanges limited to real property not held primarily for sale.
- Pass-through entity tax treatment—deductible amount is the lesser of:
(a) 20% of the taxpayer’s qualified business income, or
(b) the greater of: (1) 50% of the W-2 wages, or (2) the sum of 25% of the
W-2 wages and 2.5% of the unadjusted basis of all qualified property. - Qualified Business Income deduction (section 199A) phaseout for high earners in professional fields. $383,900 – $483,900 (MFJ);
$191,950 – $241,950 (Others) - Hedge fund carried interest holding period increased to 3 years.
2024
| Single | Married | Part B Premium | Part D IRMAA |
|---|---|---|---|
| $91,000 or less | $182,000 or less | $170.10 | $0 |
| $91,000-$114,000 | $182,001-$228,000 | $238.10 | $12.40 |
| $114,001-$142,000 | $228,001-$284,000 | $340.20 | $32.10 |
| $142,001-$170,000 | $284,001-$340,000 | $442.30 | $51.70 |
| $170,001-$500,000 | $340,001-$750,000 | $544.30 | $71.30 |
| Over $500,000 | Over $750,000 | $578.30 | $77.90 |
*Part D premium determined by vendor. IRMAA surcharge added to vendor premium.
2024
| IRA | Amount |
|---|---|
| IRA Contribution (under 50) | $7,000 |
| IRA Contribution (50 and older) | $8,000 |
| Single or HOH phase-out | $77,000-$87,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $123,000-$143,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $0-$10,000 |
| Spousal IRA Income Limit | $230,000-$240,000 |
| Phase-Out of Roth IRA Contribution Eligibility | Amount |
|---|---|
| Single phase-out | $146,000-$161,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $230,000-$240,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $0-$10,000 |
| SEP | Rate |
|---|---|
| SEP Contribution | Up to 25% of compensation ($69,000 limit) |
| Minimum Compensation Participant | $750 |
| SIMPLE | Amount |
|---|---|
| SIMPLE elective deferral (under 50) | $16,000 |
| SIMPLE elective deferral (50 and older) | $19,500 |
| Other Qualified Plans | Amount |
|---|---|
| 401(k), 403(b), Governmental 457(b), SARSEP elective deferral (under age 50) |
$23,000 |
| 401(k), 403(b), Governmental 457(b), SARSEP elective deferral (age 50 and older) |
$30,500 |
| Limit on additions to defined contribution plans | $69,000 |
| Annual benefit limit on defined benefit plans | $275,000 |
| Highly compensated employee makes | $155,000 |
| Maximum compensation token into account for qualified plans | $345,000 |
| HSA contribution individual coverage | $4,150 |
| HSA contribution family coverage | $8,300 |
| Individual 401(K) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Employer Contribution | Up to 25% of compensation |
| Employee Salary Deferral (under 50) | $23,000 |
| Employee Salary Deferral (50 and older) | $30,500 |
| Total Employer and Employee | $69,000 ($76,500 age 50 and older) |
Required Minimum Distributions
| Current Age | Distribution Period | Current Age | Distribution Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 72 | 27.4 | 97 | 7.8 |
| 73 | 26.5 | 98 | 7.3 |
| 74 | 25.5 | 99 | 6.8 |
| 75 | 24.6 | 100 | 6.4 |
| 76 | 23.7 | 101 | 6.0 |
| 77 | 22.9 | 102 | 5.6 |
| 78 | 22.0 | 103 | 5.2 |
| 79 | 21.1 | 104 | 4.9 |
| 80 | 20.2 | 105 | 4.6 |
| 81 | 19.4 | 106 | 4.3 |
| 82 | 18.5 | 107 | 4.1 |
| 83 | 17.7 | 108 | 3.9 |
| 84 | 16.8 | 109 | 3.7 |
| 85 | 16.0 | 110 | 3.5 |
| 86 | 15.2 | 111 | 3.4 |
| 87 | 14.4 | 112 | 3.3 |
| 88 | 13.7 | 113 | 3.1 |
| 89 | 12.9 | 114 | 3.0 |
| 90 | 12.2 | 115 | 2.9 |
| 91 | 11.5 | 116 | 2.8 |
| 92 | 10.8 | 117 | 2.7 |
| 93 | 10.1 | 118 | 2.5 |
| 94 | 9.5 | 119 | 2.3 |
| 95 | 8.9 | 120+ | 2.0 |
| 96 | 8.4 |
As of January 1, 2022, the new life expectancy tables updated to reflect current mortality experience are in effect.
Traditional IRA Deductibility Rules
| Filing Status | Covered by Employer's Retirement Plan? |
Modified AGI 2024 | 2024 Deductibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single | No | Any Amount | Full deduction |
| Yes | $77,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $77,001-$82,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $83,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| Married Filing Jointly | Neither Spouse Covered | Any Amount | Full deduction |
| Both Spouses Covered | $123,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $123,001-$142,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $143,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| One Spouse Covered for Covered Spouse | $123,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $123,001-$142,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $143,000 or more | No deduction | ||
| One Spouse Covered for Non-Covered Spouse |
$230,000 or less | Full deduction | |
| $230,001-$239,999 | Partial deduction | ||
| $240,000 or more | No deduction |
2024
| Social Security | Amount |
|---|---|
| Maximum earnings (during working years) subject to payroll tax | $147,000 |
| Social Security Payroll Tax | Employees pay 7.65%* |
| Self-employed pay 15.30%* | |
| Additional 0.9% high-income paytoll tax for wages in excess of: | |
| Single or HOH | $200,000 |
| Married, Filing Jointly | $250,000 |
| Married, Filing Separately | $125,000 |
*For Medicare's Hospital Insurance (HI) program, tax rates under the HI program are 1.45% for employees and employers, each, and 2.90% for self-employed persons.
- Employees/Employers: 6.2% Social Security Tax + 1.45% Medicare Tax = 7.65% total
- Self-employed: 12.40% Social Security Tax + 2.90% Medicare Tax = 15.30% total